Si eres un extranjero que vive en España, seguramente estarás muy familiarizado con el NIE, pues habrás podido comprobar que es una de las informaciones fundamentales que hay que dar en cualquier tipo de trámite administrativo.
Y si no resides en España pero estás pensando en hacerlo, seguramente quieras saber qué significan estas misteriosas tres letras cuya obtención te pueden abrir muchas puertas.
¿Qué es el NIE?
Lo primero que hay que saber es que la palabra NIE es un acrónimo, es decir, una palabra que se ha formado con las iniciales de otras tres. En este caso, el NIE está formado por las palabras Número de Identificación de Extranjero.
Regulado por el artículo 206 del Reglamento de la Ley Orgánica 4/2000, sobre los derechos y libertades de los extranjeros en España y su integración social, y aprobado por el Real Decreto 557/2001 del 20 de abril, el NIE es un número personal, único e intransferible que sirve a modo de identificación para todos los extranjeros que habitan en nuestro territorio nacional, da igual que sean de la Unión Europea o de países extracomunitarios.
A efectos prácticos funciona como el famoso DNI que siempre llevan encima los ciudadanos españoles y que sirve a la administración pública para identificarlos. De hecho, es bastante parecido en su estructura, ya que también está formado por una letra y números.
A diferencia del DNI, el NIE tiene una letra en mayúscula y siete números de identificación, además de un código de verificación. Un ejemplo de un NIE sería Y3472891. La Policía Nacional es la encargada de su emisión y a cada uno de sus solicitantes se les asigna un número personal e intransferible que sólo les identifica a ellos.
Es por ello por lo que el NIE sirve para trámites como:
- La compra venta de una propiedad.
- La obtención del carnet de conducir.
- La obtención de un trabajo de forma legal.
- La inclusión en programas de ayuda del Estado
- La solicitud de una matrícula en un centro de estudios.
- La contratación de servicios como el agua o el gas de una vivienda.
¿Cómo solicitar el NIE?
Todos los extranjeros que quieran vivir en territorio español deben solicitar el NIE, ya sea personalmente o a través de una tercera persona que esté debidamente autorizada. Para evitar problemas con las autoridades y tener una mayor seguridad jurídica, siempre es mejor solicitar el NIE antes de viajar a España en cualquiera de las oficinas consulares que se encuentran en cada uno de los países del mundo.
Si esta posibilidad no ha existido y la persona ya se encuentra en España, el trámite se ha de realizar en la Comisaría General de Extranjería y Fronteras.
En cualquiera de los dos casos la documentación a presentar es la misma:
- El impreso-solicitud normalizado EX15 debidamente cumplimentado y firmado.
- Original y copia del pasaporte o documento de identidad.
- Acreditación de los intereses económicos, profesionales o sociales que justifiquen la petición.
- La liquidación de las tasas administrativas necesarias.
¿Qué validez tiene el NIE?
Dependiendo de la estancia en el territorio español, el NIE puede tener un carácter temporal o permanente. Como lo más habitual es el primer caso, el NIE suele tener una validez de 3 meses, ya que suele ser utilizado por extranjeros que no buscan residir en España permanentemente sino que quieren pasar un tiempo reducido o llevar a cabo una actividad económica puntual.
No obstante, en el caso de que sea necesario, el NIE puede tener un carácter permanente, sobre todo cuando la persona que lo solicita tiene un contrato de trabajo, va a cursar unos estudios o realiza alguna otra actividad remunerada.
Más información: http://www.interior.gob.es/web/servicios-al-ciudadano/extranjeria/ciudadanos-de-la-union-europea/numero-de-identidad-de-extranjero-nie-
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